The only airline that has a baggage guarantee is Alaska Airlines and even they do not refund the checked bag fee:
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If your baggage is not at baggage claim within 20 minutes of your plane parking at the gate, you're entitled to a $20 Discount Code for use on a future Alaska Airlines flight or 2,000 Alaska Airlines Mileage Plan bonus miles.
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I re-checked AA's contract of carriage and their baggage fee disclosure and they make no such guarantee. Although delayed they did get your bag to the destination and therefore don't owe you anything. Perhaps if you write a polite letter explaining any inconvenience the delayed bag caused you they might credit some bonus miles to your frequent flier account but I would not expect much more.